Vladimir Putin s invasion of Ukraine has reshaped history. In the
decades after the collapse of Soviet communism, the West convinced
itself that liberal democracy would henceforth be the dominant,
ultimately unique, system of governance. An outburst of Western
triumphalism proclaimed a US-led unipolar world entitled to impose
democracy on countries that failed to recognise the new
order.Politicians foretold the universalisation of Western values
as the final, enduring form of human society, a hubris that shaped
how the West would treat Russia for the next two decades. But
history wasn t over. Subsequent events proved it is unwise to make
predictions, especially about the future.In February 2022, Vladimir
Putin took great delight in proving it. Putin is a paradox. In the
early years of his presidency, he appeared to commit himself to
friendship with the West, suggesting that Russia could join the
European Union or even NATO.He said he supported free-market
democracy and civil rights. But the Putin of those years is
unrecognisable today. The Putin of the 2020s is an autocratic
nationalist, dedicated to repression at home and anti-Western
militarism abroad.So, what happened? Was he lying when he
proclaimed his support for freedom, democracy and friendship with
the West? Or, was he sincere? Did he change his views at some stage
between then and now? And if that is the case, what happened to
change him? Putin and the Return of History examines these
questions in the context of Russia s thousand-year past, tracing
the forces and the myths that have shaped Putin s politics of
aggression: the enduring terror of encirclement by outsiders, the
subjugation of the individual to the cause of the state, the
collectivist values that allow the sacrifice of human lives in
battle, the willingness to lie and deceive, the co-opting of
religion and the belief in Great Russia s mission to change the
world.
V januári 1965 Gabriel García Márquez cestoval s rodinou na
dovolenku do Acapulca, keď odrazu dostal nápad. Začul vravu
mestečka Macondo. Už vedel, ako napíše svoj nový román. Vrátil sa
domov, zatvoril sa do pracovne, a keď z nej po osemnástich
mesiacoch vyšiel, v ruke držal 1 300 strán rukopisu a bol šťastný.
Román Sto rokov samoty prvý raz vyšiel v roku 1967, Márquez mal
vtedy 39 rokov a svet si navždy zapamätal jeho meno. Dnes je román
považovaný za jedno z najvýznamnejších diel latinskoamerickej a
svetovej literatúry. Je komponovaný z množstva reálnych aj
fantazijných epizód a rozpráva o pôvabných i krutých príhodách
šiestich generácií rodiny Buendíovcov z fiktívneho mestečka
Macondo.
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